Đặt \(a=x^2;b=y^2;c=z^2\)khi đó ta được xyz=1 và biểu thức P viết được thành

\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\frac{1}{y^2+2x^2+3}+\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)

Ta có \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy;y^2+1\ge2y\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2+3\ge2\left(xy+y+1\right)\)

Do đó ta được \(\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{xy+y+1}\)

Chứng minh tương tự ta có:

\(\frac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{yz+z+1};\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{zx+z+1}\)

Cộng các vế BĐT trên ta được

\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)

Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=1\)

Do xyz=1 nên ta được

\(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=\frac{zx}{z+1+zx}+\frac{x}{1+zx+z}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=1\)

Từ đó ta được

\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1

Ta có \(\frac{\sqrt{ab^2c^3}}{b+c}\le\frac{\sqrt{ab^2c^3}}{2\sqrt{bc}}=\frac{1}{2}.\sqrt{ac.bc}\)

Mà \(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{ac.cb}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(ac+cb\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{ab^2c^3}}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(ac+bc\right)\)

Tương tự cộng lại, ta có 

\(\frac{\sqrt{ab^2c^3}}{b+c}+\frac{\sqrt{bc^2a^3}}{c+a}+\frac{\sqrt{ca^2b^3}}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Mà \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{ab^2c^3}}{b+c}+...\le\frac{3}{2}\)

dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1

^.^

\(P=\text{∑}\frac{a\left(\frac{1}{a}+1+c\right)}{\left(a^3+b^2+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+1+c\right)}\le\frac{\text{∑}\left(1+a+ac\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)

\(\le\frac{3+a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)

\(\le\frac{3+3+\frac{3^2}{3}}{3^2}=1\)

"=" khi a=b=c=1

1.Ta có: \(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\)

\(=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)

\(=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

CMTT \(a+bc=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(b+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

Từ đó \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)

Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)( theo BĐT AM-GM)

CMTT\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}.3\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Vậy /...

\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)

\(=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)

Tương tự rồi cộng lại:

\(RHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)

\(\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)

Bài 1 : 

\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}\)

\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}\)

\(+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ca}}\)

\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ac+bc+c^2+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}\)

\(+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{ab+b^2+bc+ca}}\)

\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bô só thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}}{2}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\)

\(\le\frac{\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy \(P_{max}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)

Chúc bạn học tốt !!!

Bài 4: Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta có: \(P=\text{​​}\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{b^3+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}a.\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab^2+2a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)Giả sử b là số nằm giữa a và c thì \(\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2+ac\le ab+bc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc+bc^2\le a^2b+2abc+bc^2=b\left(a+c\right)^2=b\left(3-b\right)^2\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(b\left(3-b\right)^2\le4\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(b-1\right)^2\le0\)(đúng với mọi \(b\in[0;3]\))

Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\le\frac{1}{2}.4+3=5\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 1; c = 0 và các hoán vị

Bài 1: Đặt \(a=xc,b=yc\left(x,y>0\right)\)thì điều kiện giả thiết trở thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\)

Khi đó  \(P=\frac{x}{y+3}+\frac{y}{x+3}+\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2+y^2+3\left(x+y\right)}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2xy}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)

Có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\Rightarrow xy=3-\left(x+y\right)\)

Đặt \(t=x+y\left(0< t< 3\right)\Rightarrow xy=3-t\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{t^2}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge2\)(do t > 0)

Lúc đó \(P=\frac{t^2+3t-2\left(3-t\right)}{3-t+3t+9}+\frac{3-t}{t}=\frac{t}{2}+\frac{3}{t}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{t}{2}.\frac{3}{t}}-\frac{3}{2}=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)với \(2\le t< 3\)

Vậy \(MinP=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)đạt được khi \(t=\sqrt{6}\)hay (x; y) là nghiệm của hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{6}\\xy=3-\sqrt{6}\end{cases}}\)

Ta lại có \(P=\frac{t^2-3t+6}{2t}=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(t-3\right)}{2t}+1\le1\)(do \(2\le t< 3\))

Vậy \(MaxP=1\)đạt được khi t = 2 hay x = y = 1

3. Áp dụng cô si ta có 

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge a+b+c=1\)

Lại có:

 \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)

⇒ P ≥ \(2020.1+1=2021\)

Vậy Pmin = 2021 khi và chỉ khi a = b = c =1/3

Bài hay quá!

Đặt \(a=\frac{3x}{x+y+z};b=\frac{3y}{x+y+z};c=\frac{3z}{x+y+z}\left(x;y;z>0\right)\)

Sau khi quy đồng cần chứng minh:

\(2\, \left( x+y+z \right) \left( {x}^{4}y+{x}^{4}z+3\,{x}^{3}{y}^{2}- 11\,{x}^{3}yz+3\,{x}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{3}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{2}z+3 \,{x}^{2}y{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{z}^{3}+x{y}^{4}-11\,x{y}^{3}z+3\,x{y}^{2} {z}^{2}-11\,xy{z}^{3}+x{z}^{4}+{y}^{4}z+3\,{y}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{y}^{2}{z }^{3}+y{z}^{4} \right) \geq 0 \)(gõ Latex, không biết ad đã fix lỗi chưa, nếu nó không hiện thì hỏi ad, đừng hỏi em!)

Hay là: \( \left( {x}^{4}y+{x}^{4}z+3\,{x}^{3}{y}^{2}- 11\,{x}^{3}yz+3\,{x}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{3}+3\,{x}^{2}{y}^{2}z+3 \,{x}^{2}y{z}^{2}+3\,{x}^{2}{z}^{3}+x{y}^{4}-11\,x{y}^{3}z+3\,x{y}^{2} {z}^{2}-11\,xy{z}^{3}+x{z}^{4}+{y}^{4}z+3\,{y}^{3}{z}^{2}+3\,{y}^{2}{z }^{3}+y{z}^{4} \right) \geq 0 \)

Or:

\(9\, \left( 1/4\, \left( x-2\,z+y \right) ^{2}+3/4\, \left( -y+x \right) ^{2} \right) {z}^{3}+3\, \left( x-2\,z+y \right) ^{3}{z}^{2}+ \left( \left( 3/4\, \left( x-2\,z+y \right) ^{2}+1/4\, \left( -y+x \right) ^{2} \right) \left( -y+x \right) ^{2}+ \left( x-z \right) ^{ 4}+ \left( y-z \right) ^{4} \right) z+ \left( x-z \right) \left( y-z \right) \left( \left( x-z \right) ^{3}+3\, \left( x-z \right) ^{2} \left( y-z \right) +3\, \left( x-z \right) \left( y-z \right) ^{2}+ 21\, \left( x-z \right) \left( y-z \right) z+ \left( y-z \right) ^{3} \right) \geq 0 \)

Cách xử trí: Nếu nó không hiện: Sau khi quy đồng, ta biến đối nó về như trong link sau: https://imgur.com/D8ScX4k

Cách khác:

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+3\)

Or \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3\)

Or \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge12\)

Or: \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge6\)

Giả sử \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1\)(*)

Do đó: \(VT=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}+ab+bc+ca\)

\(\ge\frac{a+b+c\left(a+b\right)-1}{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}+a+b+c\left(a+b\right)-1\)

\(=\frac{4\left(c+1\right)\left(a+b\right)-4}{c\left(a+b\right)^2}+\left(c+1\right)\left(a+b\right)-1\)

\(=\frac{4\left(c+1\right)\left(3-c\right)-4}{c\left(3-c\right)^2}+\left(c+1\right)\left(3-c\right)-1\ge6\)

Last inequality\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(2-c\right)^3\left(c-1\right)^2}{c\left(c-3\right)^2}\ge0\). Nếu c < 2 thì ta có đpcm.

Nếu \(c\ge2\)

\(VT=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(>\frac{4}{a+b}+ab+c\left(a+b\right)\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+2\left(a+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{8}>3\)

Ái chà, em lộn nha, trường hợp c \(\ge2\) ở cách 2 em chưa chứng minh được nha!

Cách 1 giả sử z =min{x,y,z} là ổn

\(P=\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}+2-2=\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}+2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\)

\(=\left(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 3 số dương: 

\(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{b^3}.\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{3}{b}\)

\(\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^2}{c^3}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{3}{c}\)

\(\frac{c^2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^2}{a^3}.\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{3}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{3}{a}-2=3-2=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)

Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x,\frac{1}{b}=y,\frac{1}{c}=z\) thì

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=1\\P=\frac{y^3}{x^2}+\frac{z^3}{y^2}+\frac{x^3}{z^2}\end{cases}}\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{x^3}{z^2}+z+z\ge3x,\frac{y^3}{x^2}+x+x\ge3y,\frac{z^3}{y^2}+y+y\ge3z\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z^2}\ge3x-2z,\frac{y^3}{x^2}\ge3y-2x,\frac{z^3}{y^2}\ge3z-2y\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge3x-2z+3y-2x+3z-2y=x+y+z=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+â\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)

áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có:

\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge\frac{1}{a}\);\(\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge\frac{1}{b}\);\(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow M\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{8abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\)